Margaret Sanger A Battle Between Modernism And...

The Roaring Twenties also know as a new era which was a great time for a revolution.We think of this â€Å"New Era† as a freedom for women. Now women were â€Å"breaking down the spheres of Victorian values (Zeitz). † In 1920, the powerful women s rights movement gave the women right to vote after so many years. Now they started to become more independent and had less restriction put into them.This time period gave rise to the flapper girls who smoke, drank, and had sex as they pleased.Many women became rebels, where they started to wear short dresses and tight bathing suits which exposed their skin, and put makeup on. All these actions taken were considered immoral and disrespectful. The early 20th century was a battle between modernism and†¦show more content†¦Sanger made huge changes in how the society viewed women at that time period. She was influential to women who felt like their life revolved around giving birth only. She also gave many women birth cont rol options which allowed them the freedom of sexuality in everyday life. Sanger advocated and fought for women s rights throughout her life. Her determination and hard work gave women social rights, which later led to their right to control their own body through birth control.She advocated repeatedly that without birth control women will never be free (Sanger). Margaret Sanger starts by arguing that controlling reproduction by practicing birth control would lead to women s freedom. Once she reproduces she cannot get away with the responsibility handed upon her which causes her to sacrifice her freedom for a long period of time. Only she has the choice of freeing her from the burden of being a mother. A free country cannot be born with a mother who has the responsibility of a child. Women cannot be considered free until she controls her own body and has the choice to become a mother or not (Sanger). Being an independent woman and making own living is not underestimated. In order to be really free women should be able to make the choice of mating without being in a relationship. One should not be restricted from having the choice of

Language, Power and Discourse of Sexuality The case of...

Language, Power and Discourse of Sexuality Foucault asks What are the links between these discourses, these effects of power, and the pleasures that were invested by them? (Foucault, 11). In the case of New Jersey governor it seems clear that power, language and pleasure were very much related in his speech on August 13, 2004, in which he announced his resignation, that he had had an affair with a man, and that he was a gay American. A man in a position of power was both given power and gave power to the general public with his announcement. Consequently he opened up a multiplicity of discourses on the matter ranging from the true reason for his resignation, to the true meaning of the word Gay, to the effects that his coming out†¦show more content†¦Amidst current discussion of Gay issues in American politics McGreevey was playing to an issue that most Americans feel strongly about in one way or another. Thus ...McGreevey has made his story both unusual and important by casting it as the tale of a secretly gay public official - someone who masqueraded as heterosexual for his whole adult life - who was undone less by his obvious ethical lapses, than by the necessity of hiding his true sexual identity. (Lazarus). Through language he finds Ways of rendering it [his actions] morally acceptable and technically useful (Foucault, 21). It is with this beginning to the speech that he announces his affair and resignation. His speech is ...calculated to drown out the much less forgivable lapse of putting his almost comically unqualified boyfriend, Golan Cipel, on the state payroll...(Brown). McGreeveys failure to mention anything regarding placing Golan Cipel on the payroll is one of the many things that give the media and public power. There is not one but many silences, and they are an integral part of the strategies that underlie and permeate discourses (Foucault, 27). This silence was calculated by McGreevey but acted to work against him. The things that are excluded from the speech give others power. The media and the public are then given the power to scrutinize. Delany says, We must always reserve a margin to deal with what is excluded from our

Development of Significant Knowledge That Can Be Beneficial

Question: Business Strategies and Ensure Long-Term Success of the Company? Answer: Introducation For this paper, two weekly materials selected include week what is strategy, and week business model innovation. Both the e-learning activities supported in obtaining various key ideas as well as the development of significant knowledge that can be beneficial to apply in order to make sure about the long-term growth and success of the company. One of the key ideas obtained from the e-learning activity strategy is that business strategy is different from goals, objectives, and tactics. However, there are some managers, who mix business strategies and tactics consequently affecting the successful completion of the strategies. Moreover, it is learned that tactics and goals support the managers in successfully implementing business strategies and ensure long-term success of the company (Thompson and Martin, 2010). For example, pursue a global strategy, be the low cost provider, integrate a set of regular acquisitions, always be the first mover, and move from defence to industrial applica tions are some examples of business goals and tactics. Another key idea developed from the e-learning activity is that in current business world, businesses are considered as a modern-day war due to increased competition, dynamic external environment, and regular changes in the customers' expectations (Harrison and John, 2013). Thus, to ensure success in such an environment, it becomes important for the managers to design effective strategies as well as tactics to contribute in the success. It is also learned that an effective strategy should provide answer of four questions including the market, where a firm should compete, consideration of the unique value, resources and capabilities to be applied, and sustain unique value (Moutinho, 2011). In addition to this, it is also found out that a company can intend or realize strategies. Moreover, for today's business world, strategy is more about actual actions of the company rather than its intentions. The chosen organization is Agrico UK limited that could be benefited from the application of the idea obtained from the e-learning activity about strategy. It is because through the implementation of these ideas, the company can better its current performance in today's dynamic and competitive business environment. For instance, Agrico should design a new business strategy along with defining clear tactics to ensure the attainment of business aim and objectives such as to deliver the highest quality seed potatoes to the consumers in a sustainable and reliable manner (Agrico UK Ltd, 2009). Moreover, for developing an effective strategy, firstly, the company should identify a suitable market. For example, determine on cost reduction, provide unique and innovative products, and use of new and latest technologies to compete in the market. Secondly, Agrico should recognize the ways to create unique value for customers such as provide high quality seed potatoes, after sale service, and foc us on safety measures (Hill and Jones, 2008). In addition, the company should identify the resources and capabilities such as financial resources, human power, and technical expertise to be utilized to ensure the successful implementation of the strategy. Lastly, the managers at Agrico should work to sustain its unique values to avoid imitation by competitors in order to attain long-term benefits. For example, currently Agrico has a technical grower team for producing high grade seed potatoes. The company can utilize this team for implementing the new business strategy and attain and sustain the competitive advantage. Business Model Innovation A key thought obtained from the e-learning activity is that imitation and innovation are two different terms and through a successful innovation a firm can attain competitive advantage over its competitors. Moreover, it is also learned that innovation and invention are also two different terms as invention supports in finding solutions to a problem through creative ideas (Trapp, 2014). On the other hand, innovation is a process to make an invention a business success. The main steps of the successful innovation process include invention, ideation, integration, and implementation. It is also found that continuous and successful innovation supported many companies including Apply, eBay, Google, Amazon, etc. to get ahead from competition as well as maintain growth and survival. The learning activity also taught about the essential requirements for successful innovation. These include huge resources, a new idea, and uninterrupted technology advancement (Armstrong and Taylor, 2017). For e xample, it is found that Apple highly invests in RD activities as well as technologies to continuously support its innovative processes so that the execution of a new idea can be successful. It is the reason that the company successfully designed the series of iPhone, and other products including iTunes. In addition, the ability of the company to manage its innovative processes effectively provides sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. For the reason, through innovation, companies like Apple are able to bring invisible changes for the people that the competitors cannot easily imitate. It is also learned that a business model innovation must answer some questions to make sure about the success. These include the recognition of the target market, customers' needs and expectations, creation of value and produce revenue (Thota and Munir, 2011). It is because when companies identify their target market with their expectations, it enables them to design a more efficient prod uct that can create value for customers as well as provide adequate returns to the company by enhancing customer satisfaction. Concurrently, it is also learned that managers must develop understanding about the key factors that can ensure the success of business model innovation. The main factors include consideration of a single business model at a time, communication of innovation to different stakeholders particularly customers, ensure sufficient time and management commitment so that necessary resources can be arranged for the long-term success of innovation (Armstrong, 2011). Vodafone is the chosen organization as with the application of above ideas it can improve its current position. For instance, currently, Vodafone is facing issues to improve its offerings such as cut tariffs, improve network and voice quality service, free calls, and unlimited data, etc. It is because with the some new entrants such as Reliance Jio, customers expectations has been changed (Verma, 2016). Thus, to get ahead from the competition, the company requires to implement a business model innovation. Moreover, as a part of this, Vodafone should effectively analyze the customers' expectations and decide on the ways that can create long term value for both the companies and the customers. The company can encourage its employees as well as loyal customers to bring new ideas to lead an effective innovation. In addition to this, Vodafone should ensure sufficient management support so that required resources can be arranged to implement the idea successfully. The company should also f ocus on developing resource based capabilities as well as strengthen the current technological base to support innovation and ensure its long-term success. References Agrico UK Ltd (2009) Company Profile. Available at: https://www.agrico.co.uk/agrico-uk-company-profile/ [Accessed: 1st May, 2017]. Armstrong, M. (2011) Armstrong's Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S. (2017) Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Harrison, J. H. and John, C. H. (2013) Foundations in Strategic Management. USA: Cengage Learning. Hill, C. W. L. and Jones, G. R. (2008) Essentials of Strategic Management. USA: Cengage Learning. Moutinho, L. (2011) Strategic Management in Tourism. UK: CABI. Thompson, J. L. and Martin, F. (2010) Strategic Management: Awareness Change. USA: Cengage Learning EMEA. Thota, H. and Munir, Z. (2011) Key Concepts in Innovation. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Trapp, M. (2014) Realizing Business Model Innovation: A Strategic Approach for Business Unit Managers. Germany: Springer Science Business Media. Verma (2016) How Reliance Jio has shaken the Indian telecom sector. Available at: https://www.in.techradar.com/news/networking/How-Reliance-Jio-has-shaken-the-Indian-telecom-sector/articleshow/53943194.cms [Accessed: 10th April, 2017]

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essays (1289 words) -

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest In, "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest", the main character is Randle P McMurphy. He sort of comes off as a New York tuff guy. In my opinion McMurphy is a hustler, considering his gambling and how he's always trying to manipulate other patients to his benefit. Chief Bromden is a six foot eight, half bread Indian. For years, Chief, "as McMurphy calls him", has fooled the staff and patients in the ward into thinking that he's deaf and dumb. Though it was by accident, McMurphy is the first person that Chief has spoken to in years. Throughout the book, Chief seems to open up to McMurphy more and more, inch by inch. Big Nurse is a picky b**ch. On the outside, she's always smiling, but inside she's full of hate. The biggest reason she despises McMurphy is because he threatens her perfect little world. " She must be a Jap". Knowledge #2 (5 points each) One important event is the vote held on the viewing of the World Series. McMurphy had actually won the vote, but still wasn't able to view the World Series because of a technicality brought to attention by Big Nurse. McMurphy didn't get to watch the game, but in a sense still won, sense he had influenced the patients to actually vote against Big Nurse. Another important event is the fishing trip. Big Nurse strongly disapproved the trip, and she showed it. She posted newspaper clippings of bad weather reports and tragedies at sea, right next to the sign up sheet for the trip. Despite the fear that some of the patients felt, they went right ahead and signed up. "Another victory for McMurphy!" The beginning of the party is somewhat important. It's an example of McMurphy's manipulating capabilities. Though Mr.Turkle knew he could get fired, McMurphy was able to talk him into letting Candy Girl and Sandy into the ward. Billy's tragic death is very important in understanding just what kind of effect Big Nurse had on the patients psychologically. In reality, Billy didn't do anything wrong, and shouldn't have been criticized by Big Nurse. But in Big Nurse's perfect little world, it seemed to be forbidden and disgraceful. Big Nurse threatened to tell Billy's mother, "who she was close friends with", what he had done. Instead of suffering through that , which seemed to be a living hell, Billy got out of it the only way he knew of. Billy grabbed a tool out of a drawer and slit his own throat. He decided to take his own life, in fear of what Big Nurse would do. One last event is McMurphy's death. Outraged by the acts committed by McMurphy, Big Nurse decided to do surgery on him. During McMurphy's absence from the ward, rumors went around that he had in fact escaped. When McMurphy was finally returned to his bed, Chief was reassured of his relationship with him. Chief Knew he wouldn't leave without him. As Chief spoke to him, he noticed there was no response to anything he says. McMurphy was a vegetable!! Rather than allowing McMurphy to suffer like that, Chief decided McMurphy would still escape with him. Chief put a pillow over the head of McMurphy's corpse and put all of his weight on top, until the vegetable stopped struggling. Then, with all his strength, Chief lifted the control panel and hurled it through the window screen, and made his escape. Comprehension #5 (10 points each) In , "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest", the main problem is Big Nurse's selfish, egotistical, narrow minded views. When McMurphy threatened Big Nurse's traditional ways, she just couldn't take it. She would go to just about any lengths to stop this radical. Comprehension #6 (10 points each) If the story had one last chapter, I predict it would just describe everything going back to how it was before McMurphy entered the scene. Without McMurphy there, encouraging the patients to think for themselves, Big Nurse would become a despot, once again. As time goes on, the memory of McMurphy would eventually fade away, completely. The only person who would remember him is Chief, who has taken residence in Canada. Comprehension #7 (10 points each) The main character, McMurphy, didn't exactly admire Big Nurse. Besides being a b**ch, she was a monarch. Everything was done when and where Big Nurse said it was to be done. McMurphy wasn't use to having everything done a certain way, continuously. Big Nurse didn't even allow McMurphy do something

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese Know that you know your whole numbers in Chinese, you can talk about rational numbers in decimals, fractions, and percents with the addition of a few more vocabulary words. Of course, you can read and write numbers- like 4/3 or 3.75 or 15%- using the universal numerical system in Chinese-speaking regions. However, when it comes to reading those numbers out loud, youll need to know these new Mandarin Chinese terms. Parts of a Whole Fractions can be expressed either as parts of a whole (half, quarter, etc.) or as decimal fractions. In English, parts of a whole are stated as â€Å"XX parts of YY,† with XX being the parts of the whole and YY being the whole. An example of this is saying two parts of three, which also means two-thirds.   However, the phrase construction is the opposite in Chinese. Parts of a whole  are stated as YY 分ä ¹â€¹ XX. The pinyin of 分ä ¹â€¹ is fÄ“n zhÄ «, and is written the same in both traditional and simplified Chinese.  Note that the number representing the whole comes at the beginning of the phrase.   One-half can be stated as either ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å  (yÄ « bn)  or using the phrase construction mentioned above:  Ã¤ ºÅ'分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (à ¨r fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). There is no Chinese equivalent to the term one-quarter besides  Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (s à ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). Examples of Parts of a Whole three-quarterssà ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « sÄ n四分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€°eleven-sixteenthsshà ­ lià ¹ fÄ“n zhÄ « shà ­ yÄ «Ã¥  Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¥  Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ Decimals Fractions can also be stated as decimals. The word for decimal point in Mandarin Chinese is written as é »Å¾ in traditional form and ç‚ ¹ in simplified form. The character is pronounced as diÇŽn.   If a number begins with the decimal point, it can optionally be prefaced with é› ¶ (là ­ng), which means zero. Each digit of the decimal fraction is stated individually just like a whole number. Examples of Decimal Fractions 1.3yÄ « diÇŽn sÄ nä ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ¸â€° (trad)ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ¸â€° (simp)0.5674ling diÇŽn wÇ” lià ¹ qÄ « sà ¬Ã©â€º ¶Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (trad)é› ¶Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (simp) Percents The same phrase construction used in expressing parts of a whole is also used when talking about percentages. Except for when talking about percents in Chinese, the whole is always 100. Thus, XX% will follow this template: ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹ (bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ «) XX.   Examples of Percents 20%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « à ¨r shà ­Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºÅ'Ã¥  5%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « wÇ”ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºâ€

10 Stunning Examples Of Visual Content Marketing

10 Stunning Examples Of Visual Content Marketing When you think of content marketing, what comes to mind? More than likely, you think of a blog post with at least 1,000 words and a few stock images. Is that it? Is that the only kind of content marketing out there? Definitely not. We shouldnt forget about visual content marketing, and how powerful it can be. What Is Visual Content Marketing? Content marketing is about creating something that will provide our readers with value, and sharing it with them in a usable way. Visual content marketing is really no different; it is just another medium for our content. As the world becomes more and more saturated with businesses using content marketing, we are always going to be in need of finding ways to stand out.  Visual content marketing is a great way to make this happen, and can be broken down into six basic types: Comics Memes Infographics Photos Videos Visual Note Taking These methods can also make our content more shareable. We dont need to look far to see that visual content reigns supreme on social networks like Facebook, Google+ and Pinterest. With the addition of sites like Vine and Instagram, the visual renaissance is growing ever more prominent. Having mastery of visual content is necessary for #ContentMarketing success.The reality is that visual content marketing is something that you need to be paying attention to, even if you have to learn to flex some different content muscles to do it right. Visual content marketing requires a different skill set, and you may even need to channel your inner designer (more on this later). The first step to creating visual content marketing that has worth is to start thinking visually. What are some ways that you can make your content stand out in a visual way? How can you use graphics, photos, images, and video to share the content youd normally write out as a blog post? Here are a few examples from some of the best in the business to help you get some ideas rolling. 1) KISSmetrics Infographics Not long ago, we tried our own hand at creating an infographic that covered the use of  growth hacking and content marketing together. It was a huge success, and is still gaining traction and bringing in traffic. Infographics still work, and KISSmetrics is one of the best in the business. On the KISSmetrics infographics page you will find dozens of examples of useful content that have been represented in a visual way. KISSmetrics, a leader in useful infographics. Infographics are a great place to start your visual content marketing journey because the are closely related to content youre used to handling (facts), and because the tools are readily available. A simple Google search can help you gather the right data, and there are many tools out there that will help you put it all together. If you have some basic Photoshop skills, you can even buy stock graphics and put the inforgraphic together yourself. Tip: Try a service like PiktoChart or Infogr.am to create your first infographic. Or, hire a designer instead. 2)  Targets Pinterest Strategy Target is a great brand that provides us with an excellent look at how businesses and brands can use sites like Pinterest to stand out. They have several boards, and use different strategies for each board. Target is a good example of a brand that is doing it right. Pinterest can provide a never-ending supply of inspiration for visual content marketing. For brands on Pinterest, it can be easy to come off very generic and typical. Most brands simply post images of their products, which can work, but that method isnt always as engaging as a graphic that combines images and text. Targets Party with Pinners board does an especially good job of sharing images that are fresh, fun, and engaging. 3) Grammarly Cards I am notoriously horrible with grammar, which means that I have tried everything under the sun to improve my efforts – including a paid subscription to Grammarly, an online proofreading and correction tool. As a result, I have been watching and enjoying their visual content marketing for years. Grammarly is particularly excellent at creating memes that provide value and humor for their followers. A classic meme, and a great example of visual content marketing. One look at the Grammarly Pinterest page says it all. They consistently create funny, engaging, and audience-pleasing visual content for their brand. They call their creations grammarly cards and they make it easy to share and enjoy the images with friends. Some of their cards are better designed than others, which proves that visual content doesnt always require  high quality design chops. Grammarly wins on humor and clever ideas rather than high design. This is a formula that just about anyone can duplicate. 4) The Home Depot On Vine The Home Depot provides an excellent example of how the social network Vine can be used to create engaging visual content for our audience. Their Vine profile includes dozens of creative and interactive visual examples of content marketing like this one: I particularly enjoy this example of one of their Vines for an upcoming workshop that will take place in their store. It creatively demonstrates the process that will be used while pitching their workshop at the same time. Vines are easy for anyone to create. All you need is the app itself. Just be sure to share your vines on the appropriate social networks like Twitter and Facebook. 5) Starbucks On Instagram Starbucks is a brand with a lot of personality. They make great coffee, but more than that, they are a lifestyle company. One look at their Instagram profile and you see this personality come to life. While frequently showing off their products, Starbucks manages to do it in a unique way that truly represents their brand and not just a sales ad. Looking closely, you can see that they frequently mix up the feed with images that simply embrace their own values, and the interests of their followers. 6) Neil Patels Visual Guides Neil Patel is a content marketing rockstar. He is also the creator of some very pleasing visual guides that he makes freely available from his blog. These guides take the content and format of an ebook, but display them in a highly visual way right on his website. That strategy is brilliant. Not only do the guides become highly sharable, but they also make a great landing page for search traffic. Neils visual guides make great content marketing, and theyre easy to share. You can take a look at Neils  Beginners Guide to Online Marketing and get an idea of what this looks like. It is definitely a new approach to the old ebook standby. 7) Coca-Cola On Tumblr Over the years, Coca-Cola has been a leader and trendsetter in the visual content marketing space. I distinctly remember watching their 2020 initiative video which emphasized   their  content marketing strategy as they transition from one-way messaging to content marketing that is optimized for audience interaction. The video itself  was a killer example of visual content marketing.  Another great example is the Coca-Cola Tumblr page. Coca-Colas Tumblr blog is a great example of visual content marketing done right. Their Tumblr page is fun, quirky, and even interactive with a variety of animated gifs and brand memorabilia. 8) Evernotes Videos I love Evernote, and I am not alone. This standout notes application has many passionate fans, and Evernote has done a great job of capturing their enthusiasm through video. Their gallery includes dozens of videos ranging from product tutorials to tips, and even customer stories. The Evernote user story for US figure skater David Pelletier is especially compelling. Evernote does a great job using video in their visual content marketing efforts. Evernote has done a great job of capturing the passion of their users and sharing it a visual way. Video may not be the easiest to master, but it is a very effective form of visual content marketing. 9) Whole Foods on Facebook Whole Foods Market has long been at the top of my list as one of the companies leading the way in content marketing. They have a passionate audience, and an excellent understanding of how to tell their story in a visual way. For years, their Facebook page has served as melting pot of content marketing inspiration and community spirit. Whole Foods Market clearly understands how to leverage visual content marketing. While their page features a few photos of their products, it primarily consists of great graphics like this one that provide helpful advice to their audience that they can use with what they might purchase at Whole Foods. This is visual content marketing at its purest. 10) The GE Show The GE Show is designed to help us understand the technologies that are changing our lives. GE provides stunning interactive games and interesting videos that tell the stories behind their technology. Each episode is an experience, and one that builds brand value and adds an element of play and fun to a viewers day. In other words, you can have fun while you learn. The rails episode is particularly compellingand distracting! Good Visual Content Tells A Story Traditional content marketing provides value to its readers, and so can visual content marketing. The true value of visual content marketing lies in its ability to tell a story quickly, sharing information in a way that is easily remembered. Visual objects are emotional, and they can reach viewers in a way that is difficult with the written word. We often hear the phrase that a photo is worth a thousand words and this idea can certainly ring true with content marketing. Sometimes one photo or graphic is all we need to convey what we could have otherwise said in 1,000 words.

Build a 4g network Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Build a 4g network - Research Paper Example It is expected at the same time to deliver an increase of approximately eighty two percent of high-speed network connectivity, and a 19 percent increment of subscriptions of mobile platform. From the inspiration by Gardner (2009), this technology also aims at minimizing the operational cost of the connection deal that has been won, and to enjoy the fact that there is no barrier in the use of laws, technology and language, political limitations and rules which have to be of major emphasis to the organization. From the earlier studies, it had been revealed that the internet connection can be used to establish more advanced data communications. Empirically, the network is ideal since it can revive the falling position of the company. Considering the cost factors, there are massive plans to invest a lot of funds into the up-and-coming 4G connection and high standard Long Term Evolution (LTE). The advanced TDMA technology will not only be a source of revenue for the USA business, but will also raise a lot of interest in practical areas that can be applied to the construction and implementation of the 4G network as an upgrade from the previous versions, 3G. The installation of this 4G network will focus on popularizing its use in the US. Selection of Equipment for the System The tests of the TDMA network gives data reports on the behaviors of the equipment right from the manufacturers to the requirement of the fourth-generation (4G) measurements, using both the single instrument and integrated instrument system solutions popularly applied in the U.S. It will serve the purpose of satisfying the growing demand for quality services and solutions such as voice, video and data communication. It is clear from the discussion by Browne (2009) that the 3G technologies have not been able to provide the solutions. The technology in this plan is a 4G series of network that uses the Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless technique. One of the requirements will be wireless signal anal yzers which are able to support devices of 2G and 3G specifications. This project views both the technical and analytical aspects of the higher standard requirement in the 4G technology, with the aim to increase the connectionless radio frequencies of the signal analyzers designed for use to support this 4G network. The design of these systems together with the corresponding software is planned to be the foundation for the Long Term Evolution 4G wireless connection. Long Term Evolution in this context expects the subsequent telephony Generation to be made up of mobile broadband technology. Data transfer takes place at the rate of 100 MB per second. Devices Required In order to solve the coverage issues that have been identified in the preliminary studies of this project, the fundamental device that will be required is the signal analyzer. Secondly, the 4G network will use Nokia cellular phone handsets versions that can support the GSM, TDMA and CDMA protocols. Using the idea from Le cklider (2009), the connection will require wireless connection channels of at least 30KHzs and speech coding devices. It will also require a modulation device that works with modulation of Differential ? / 4 – QPSK. Other devices include Smart Antennas, which essentially imply antennas stationed in the base connection station and cancelling the interference using digital signal

Neo-Malthusian Population Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neo-Malthusian Population Control - Essay Example Celibacy, or sexual abstinence, struck Malthus as potentially an effective solution for solving the problem he himself diagnosed with human societies (Gilbert). As we should in contemporary liberal societies, most will find Malthus' conclusions unsettling, not only because of what they describe as in our future, but because of what his findings might justify in terms of government control. The kinds of methods that Neo-Malthusians suggest are necessary to protect the Malthusian catastrophe are undesirable at best and totalitarian at worst. Given this background, there are numerous theorists, from many different fields, who oppose the arguments of Neo-Malthusians by criticizing Thomas Malthus himself. One criticism is apparent in economist David D. Friedman, who concludes that the prospect of parents having "too many" children is unlikely. His first argument is that although parents may not always be the most rational in deciding to have a child, it is even more difficult for a government, which is the only alternative from having parents decide. Parents are, despite common concerns, rational decision-makers. As the Malthusian catastrophe nears, reasons Friedman, economic effects are felt on fertility. Friedman says, "Consider also the effect of economic conditions on fertility. At the bottom of a depression, with short term income low and long-term prospects-for both parents and children-bleak, birth rates should fall. They do" (Freidman). Julian

Development of personality Essay Example for Free

Development of personality Essay When studying human behavior, specifically focusing on the development of personality and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The concept of personality is central to the attempt to understand oneself and others and is part of the way in which it accounts for the differences that contribute to people’s individuality. Psychologists have been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and environmental influences. People have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. Individuals can choose from as many models they can to help them see themselves better and maintain good relationships. Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses. However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles covered in the course, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a person’s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses (Corey 2005). Personality is defined as integrated general characteristics of the individual’s total behavior and his or her unique adjustment in the environment. Personality theory is a set of assumptions concerning human behavior together with rules for relating these assumptions and definitions to permit their interaction with empirical or observable events. Personality psychology is a scientific study of mental functioning concerning internal drives, inner motive, repressed feelings, thoughts, and conflicts as the nature of personality (Feist and Feist, 2006). Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavors, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness. Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from. The goals of treatment for instance, using the psychodynamic model, include alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychodynamic therapy is â€Å"to make the unconscious conscious to the patient† (â€Å"Models of abnormality†, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. The treatment modality frequently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as preferred by either the therapist or by the client). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized. It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e. g. learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a combination of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). ~Promoting therapy Psychotherapists believe that therapy contributes a lot to the improvement of the psychological condition of the client (Snyder, 1994). Therapy can come in many varied forms and the use of these or any of these has been proven to be of vital significance to clients from various walks of life and with myriads of problems or mental and emotional challenges. Therapy may be long-termed analytical experiences or encounters or brief problem-oriented treatment/intervention. Whatever the case, these consultations and in-depth interactions and activities between a practitioner therapist and the client in most cases, are beneficial (Mutha, 2002). It is therefore wrong to argue that with or without treatment patients recover or improve because subtle issues are overlooked with this statement or findings. Firstly, studies were done with findings that were more correlational rather than experimental (Mutha, 2002). Secondly, the element of catharsis is a powerful ingredient or element of the healing process and many of those without seeking professional help happened to be with a support group whose experiences were years of gaining knowledge and skills from the experts and experienced counselors (Mutha, 2002). It is true that there have been substantial evidences as well that improvement with cases have occurred; these are usually attributed the aforementioned reasons. Specifically, psychotherapy enables a client or patient to help ease his anxiety, managing his fears from the mundane or petty to the horrific. Quality of life, wellness and recovery are primary goals aside from the usual notion that psychotherapy is just a crutch for someone who may not actually have a real psychological problem (Snyder et al, 2000). This last phrase is true for some people who needed more than the advice or the listening ear; precisely, they needed a human ace who is intent on knowing and understanding them. Personality cognitive theories are concerned with constructive alternativism with which the alternative scientific constructs may provide a useful view of the world. George Kelly’s the Psychology or Personal Construct Social cognitive theories explain personality as a reciprocal interaction among behavior involving observation, cognition including self-efficacy, and environment making a chance encounter and fortuitous events (Feist and Feist, 2006). Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive theory Cognitive social learning theories describe behavior as a function of the expectation of reinforcements and strength of needs satisfied by those reinforcements. Behavior is shaped by the interactions of person variables such as competencies, encoding, strategies, expectancies, values and goals, and the self-regulatory system with situation variables (Feist and Feist, 2006). Behavioral Model The Behavioral model utilizes what is termed as the learning theory posited by Skinner and Watson and the rest of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i. e. , conditioning (Associative and Operant) are effective means to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is focused on the symptoms that a person is experiencing. Just as many of the errors of the patterns of behavior come from learning from the environment, it is also assumed that an individual will be able to unlearn some if not all these by using the techniques as applied based on the learning principles. To a certain extent this still works: reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many people this stance can be separate or distinct from the Cognitive-Behavioral approach. In behavior therapy therefore, thoughts, feelings and all those â€Å"malfunctioning† and unwanted manifestations revealed in one’s activities can be unlearned and the work of a behavior therapist. The basic concepts include â€Å"extinguishing† – utilized when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and removed and in their place habits that are healthy are established (developed and strengthened) in a series or progressive approach called â€Å"successive approximations. When these (factors) are reinforced such as through rewards in intrinsic and extrinsic means, the potential of a more secure and steady change in behavior is developed and firmly established (Corey, 2005). Although few psychologists today would regard themselves as strict behaviorists, behaviorism has been very influential in the development of psychology as a scientific discipline. There are different emphases within this discipline though. Some behaviorists contend plainly that the observation of behavior is the best or most expedient method of exploring psychological and cognitive processes. Others consider that it is in reality the only way of examining such processes, while still others argue that behavior itself is the only appropriate subject of psychology, and that familiar psychological terms such as belief only refer to behavior. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive approach grew out of this movement. Banduras method emphasizes cognitive processes over and above observable behavior, concentrating on not only the influence of the person’s upbringing for example, but also observation, imitation, and thought processes (Corey, 2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Model Beck’s Cognitive Therapy The Beck’s Cognitive therapy is one of the most popular and widely studied therapies in the market today and countless times proven the effectiveness of the treatment style or the kind of interventions that had been favored by the doctors. Its stance boils down to appreciating the effects of biology, emotions and environment on the individual and pursues changes in those levels (Padesky and Mooney, 1990). There are various adaptations or revisions of the strategy today and remains to be top of the list in mental institutions all over the world. In the cognitive approach alone, it understands that an individual at varying times in his life has error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Cognitive-Behavioral approach â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist† (Ellis Beck in Corey, 2004). For the Cognitive Behaviorist viewpoint, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be â€Å"reorganized. † For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). The systems theory portion of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not isolated but is a working part of a bigger context. In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when removed from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is specially focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist. With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible. The relief from the symptoms from the primary problem or issue will inspire the client to imagine or think that change is not impossible after all. In this model, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the former’s role is to change or modify the latter’s maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Just as the cognitive-behavioral model also recognizes the concept of insight as well, this is only a matter of emphasis or focus. In behavioral/cognitive-behavioral therapies the focus is on the modification or control of behavior and insight usually becomes a tangential advantage. Techniques include CBT through such strategy as cognitive restructuring and the current frequently used REBT for Rational Emotive-Behavior Therapy where irrational beliefs are eliminated by examining them in a rational manner (Corey, 2004; Davison and Neale, 2001). Whereas in insight therapies the focus or emphasis is on the patient’s ability in understanding his/her issues basing on his inner conflicts, motives and fears. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the former’s role is to change or modify the latter’s maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Coaching the patient on the step by step procedure of CBT is a basic and fundamental ingredient. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be â€Å"reorganized. † For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004).

Hand-grip :: essays research papers

Hand- Grip Dynamometer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hand-Grip dynamometer are used to measure the strength and endurance of the muscles in your forearm, and to a lesser extent your hand. Using a handgrip dynamometer will increase your performance at work, improve posture, decrease chances for injury, and prevent low back pain. Endurance is the ability of a muscle to work for long periods of time without extreme fatigue. It prevents unwanted fatigue from daily activities, sport and recreation. For the elderly person, good hand grip strength may prevent a fall down stairs or in bathtubs and may help people from dropping jars. It could help the elderly with opening jars as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three area’s of rationale are used to measure strength-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical. These are all interrelated. The first area Anatomical Rationale-Hand grip strength is mainly a function of the muscles in the forearm, and hand. Eight muscles serve as the prime movers and stabilizers in hand grip strength. Eleven other muscles assist in contraction of the hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second is physiological Rationale which has six categories. Six of the most common measurement terms in physiology are mass, force, work, velocity, power and energy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third area is biochemical rationale exercise may be divided into three categories based upon the predominant metabolic pathway. The primary biochemical reaction for strength, or any muscle contraction is ATP ( Adenosine Triphosophate).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The muscular strength is highly affected by the nervous system. Emotional and mental factors play important part in strength testing. If a subject is consistent with motivation strength variability should be minimized. In women a daily variation in strength range is between 2 and 12% and 5 to 9% in men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instruments used to measure muscle strength are cable tensiometer, dymameter, free weights, barbells, isokinetics devices and load cells or elechromechanical devices. Strength is usually measured in units of force or torque. Kilogram (kg), and pounds (lb), is the force unit. The torque unit may be expressed as a foot-pounds (fl-lb) or Newton meters (nm).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedures for handgrip strength testing are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject should be in the standing position. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject’s head should be in the midposition (facing straight ahead). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The grip size should be adjusted so that the middle finger’s midportion is approximatrely at a right angle. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject’s forearm may be placed at any angle between 90 degrees and 180 degrees of the upper arm; the upper arm is in a vertical position. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The subject’s wrist and forearm should be at the midprone position.

Caferoma’s Marketing Manager Essay

In the last two years, caferoma’s share of the quality ground coffee market has declined by almost 30 % (see chart). there are several reason for this: brand loyalty: consumers have become less loyal to brands and more price conscious. they are willing to buy lower-priced coffee product. price: supermarket are selling, under their own label, similar products to caferoma at much lower prices. Copycat producto: competing products of italian-style ground coffee are selling at price 30 to 40% lower than caferoma Brand Image: the caferoma brand no longer seems to be exciting and up-to-date. Repositioning the products: change caferoma’s image to appeal to a different market segment. (which segment? what changes to taste, quality, packaging, logo labelling, distribution?) princing reduce the price by, say. 20% to 30% so that it is in the medium range of price. advertising develop a new advertising campà ¡ing to relaunch the brand. multiple brand: sell caferoma, with small changes to product, under different brand names at lower prices. own brand label product: allow supermarket to sell Caferoma under the supermarket own brand label’s. Continue to market the Caferoma brand at the same time. A new product: Bring out an instant coffee or decaffeinated product under the caferoma brand as soon as possible. Stretching the brand: Allow some makers of coffee equipament (cafetieres, percolators, coffee, machines, etc.) to use the caferoma brand on their goods, for a licensing fee. Claudia, Caferoma’s Marketing Manager, has some recent new from one of Caferoma’s biggest customers, Majestic Hotels, a major European hotels chain. She discusses the news with Caferoma’s Sales Director, Pietro. Listen to their conversation. how does this new inormation affect your decisions? writing write an e mail to Caferoma’s Managing Director, Mario Cumino. Summarise what action you agreed to take at the meeting to solve Caferoma’s problem Explain your reasons. task as members of PEFD’s marketing team, hold an informal meeting. consider the advantages and disadvantage of each solution. then decide what to do stop the decline in the product’s market share and to increase profits

Emotional Couples Therapy Essay

This is a paper on a video named Emotional Focused Couples Therapy, it is about a couple that is talking to a counseling professional about issues they are having, the biggest one being the husbands anger. Throughout the videos you see how the professional uses the three stages in interviewing to support the couple. She also does a great job on summarizing and paraphrasing what the couple is saying and feeling. The professional uses both open and closed ended questions during the session. There is also a lot of body language happening by everyone involved, some good and some bad. The professional really shows the clients that she is really there for them in her body language and the way she is reflecting their feelings back at them. The couple listens to each other and expands on their feelings with the support of the professional. They also both realize that they want to work things out between them and are willing to keep working at their relationship. Open and Closed Ended Questions In this therapy session the therapist asked many open and closed ended questions to help get the full picture of the client’s relationship. When the therapist was asking these questions she was using verbal and nonverbal cues from the couple, to see how and what she should be asking next. The questions that where asked in this session is: 1. Is it hard to be supportive? 2. Is it had to be close? (Meaning affectionate) 3. Do you withdraw? (From the conversation and the relationship) 4. How do you deal with the message, that you are a are screwed up? (Not ever said he just fees that way.) 5. Are times that you can be close? (Affectionate) 6. Do you think that your wife sees you as a mean and nasty person? 7. Do you feel rejected? 8. Am I getting it? (The therapist states this several times during the session as she is reflecting on their conversation.) 9. Is lonely an ok word to use? (The wife was having a hard time thinking of a word.) 10. Scott do you think that you wife knows how you feel? 11. Do you feel that she does not care in the heat of the moment? 12. Have you ever tried to explain to her how you are feeling? 13. Can you help her understand the feeling of rejection? 14. What is it like to tell her how it makes you feel when you feel rejected? 15. What would be the worst thing that would happen if you told your wife your softer feelings? 16. Would you like to be able to trust your wife and be able to talk about your softer feelings? 17. Would you like him to be able to talk about his softer feelings? 18. Do you let the feelings touch you at all? 19. Do you hear her and find that comforting? (The feelings) 20. What do you think about what he did today? (Opening up during the session.) This professional has a way that when she is reflecting what the clients are saying and expression she is asking them if she is right and they add to the conversation. Above are some of the separate questions that she was asking during the session. There were very few closed ended questions. She would reflect and they would open up even more. The professional summarized and paraphrased what the couple was saying many times during the session to make sure that she understood what they were saying is what she was hearing. The professional was very effective in summarizing and paraphrasing the relationship and the feelings that both parties were talking about and expressing. Verbal and Nonverbal There was verbal and nonverbal communication, actions and skills happening in the session by the couple and the professional. Watching the couple expressional the husband he had his arm and feet crossed and turned away from his wife most of the session. The wife kept going from arms being crossed to out in front of her. She also was turned away from her husband  most of the session. The couple showed in their nonverbal body language that there was a problem and they both where uncomfortable with the situation. When certain question and answers where given the body language changed in the couple. The professional could tell when something was uncomfortable by their body language and she help the couple talk about it more, even though they were not picking up on the nonverbal cues for each other. The professional at the beginning had paper in her lab taking notes, after a while she put it down and leaned forward towards the couple showing them that she was really listening to them and was really involved in what they were saying to her. The professional was able to use verbal and nonverbal skills to help the couple during this session and help them to start to listen to each other. The verbal skills that the professional used where very effectively, she was to be able to summarize their feelings and thought. The nonverbal skills showed the couple that she was supportive and involved in helping them. By sitting up and leaning forward in her chair it was another way for the couple to see she was involved in the conversations. Stages of the Interview There are three stages to an interview, exploration, clarification and action. The exploration stage involves helping the client examine his or her thoughts and feelings. The second stage is exploration helps the clients understand their feeling and their thoughts. The final stage is action, which is where the clients start making the change towards their goals. During this interview, the professional listen to both clients on what they thought was the problem and their feelings. They both agreed that anger was the steam of the troubles that they were having, and them not listening and communicating with each other. When the second stage was introduced the professional was involved more. She helped both parties of the couple to understand and reflect on what they each where saying and helping them truly understand and really listen to each other. The professional also very effectively summarized and paraphrased what they were saying again, so maybe they could hear it said in a different way. By doing this she was able to get even more information from them about more if the true problems they were facing. The third and final stage is action. During this session you see that they are starting to listen to each other  and even open up more. Having the husband talk about his softer feelings and also for him to hear that is wife does not think that he is a monster was a great start to the process. They both also stated that they want to work things out and be together. That statement alone should the professional that they both were committed to the process. Self-disclosure and Reflective Feelings During the interview the professional really worked hard to get the couple to talk about their feelings and express their thoughts. Throughout she was able to get them both to self-disclose and reflect on each other’s feelings. As times this was not an easy thing to so especially for the husband but he did do it. He was not sure about showing his softer side, he thought it made him feel week and like a sissy. The wife disagreed she thought the angry side of him was the sissy side. They both listened to each other’s feeling and acknowledge them and respected them throughout the session, but may not have always agreed with them. This interview was very emotionally charged and at sometimes uncomfortable for the couple. With that said, they both listened and rejected each other. The professional was able to summarize both of their feelings very well, and understand what both of them where saying about the situation. Overall the therapy session was a great starting point by the couple not no were being done with their therapy and situation. Being able to talk about feelings is hard and sometime intimidating, when you are in front of a stranger. The comfort level of the session was ok, they looked uncomfortable, not just because they were there but the chairs and the overall appearance of the room, not very inviting. The structure of the interview flowed very well and the professional was able to keep the conversations moving in the right direction so the session was helpful for the couple. References (2009). Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy [Video file]. Retrieved from Phsycoheapy,bet website: http://ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/login?url=http://vast.alexanderstreet.com/view/1779000.

lab report on essays

lab report on essays Objective: To detect the amount of particular matter collected from the smoker's end of a cigarette and the amount of second hand smoke released Materials and Methods/Procedures: Two each of a 250 ml filter flask, a piece of filter paper, a 1-hole rubber stopper, glass tubing, a glass funnel and rubber tubing were assembled as required, and the filter flask was attached to a water aspirator. The filter papers were removed, weighed to the nearest 0.001 g, and replaced on the apparatus. A non-filtered cigarette was inserted into the funnel, which was then clamped pointing up. A second funnel was clamped approximately a half inch above the cigarette funnel in order to collect the second hand smoke in the room, and enough space was allowed between the funnels to allow air and catch all of the smoke. The water aspirators were turned on, the cigarette was lit, and the aspirators were adjusted so that the cigarette burned over a period of 3-5 minutes. After the cigarette burned down to the last centimeter, the aspirators were turned off, the cigarette was removed and the filter papers were removed and weighed. The initial weight of the filter paper was subtracted from the final weight. The solids collected from the second hand smoke funnel were divided by the solids collected for the smoker's funnel, and multiplied by 100 to obtain the percent of solids in room smoke. The procedure was repeated with a filtered cigarette and the Results: In the non-filtered cigarette experiment, the initial filter paper weight of the smoker's flask was .223g, while the paper of the room flask weighed .234g. After collecting solids, the weight of the smoker's flask paper was .231g and the room flask paper weighed .241g. The weight of the solids collected were: smoker's flask-.008g, and room flask-.007g. The percentage between room solid smoke and smoker's smoke wa ...

10 Fascinating Facts About Termites

10 Fascinating Facts About Termites Termites have been munching away on wood for millions of years. From the African termites that build mounds taller than men to the subterranean species that destroy homes, these social insects are fascinating creatures to study. Learn more about these decomposers. 1. Termites Are Good for Soil Termites are actually important decomposers. They break down tough plant fibers, recycling dead and decaying trees into new soil. These hungry insects are vital to the health of our forests. As they tunnel, termites also aerate and improve the soil. It just so happens that we build our homes from termite food - wood. 2. Termites Digest Cellulose With the Help of Microorganisms in Their Guts Termites feed on plants directly or on fungus growing on decaying plant material. In either case, they must be able to digest tough plant fibers, or cellulose. The termite gut is loaded with microorganisms capable of breaking down cellulose. This symbiosis benefits both the termites and the microorganisms living within their insect hosts. The termites house the bacteria and protozoa and harvest the wood. In return, the microorganisms digest the cellulose for the termites. 3. Termites Feed on Each Others Feces Termites arent born with all that bacteria in their gut. Before they can start the hard work of eating trees, termites must obtain a supply of microorganisms for their digestive tracts. They engage in a practice known as trophallaxis, or, in less scientific terms, they eat each others poop. Termites must also resupply themselves after they molt, so trophallaxis is a big part of life in the termite mound. 4. Termites Lived 130 Million Years Ago and Have Cockroach-Like Ancestors Termites, cockroaches, and mantids all share a common ancestor in an insect that crawled the Earth about 300 million years ago. Fossil records show the earliest termite specimen dates back to the Cretaceous period. A termite also holds the record for the oldest example of mutualism between organisms. A 100-million-year old termite with a ruptured abdomen was encased in amber, along with the protozoans that lived in its gut. 5. Termite Fathers Help Raise Their Young You wont find deadbeat dads in the termite mound. Unlike in bee colonies, where males die soon after mating, the termite kings stick around. After their nuptial flight, the termite king stays with his queen, fertilizing her eggs as needed. He also shares parental duties with the queen, helping her feed their young predigested food. 6. Termite Workers and Soldiers Are Almost Always Blind In almost all termite species, both the workers and soldiers in a given colony are blind. Since these industrious individuals spend their lives in the confines of the dark, damp nest, they have no need to develop functional eyes. Reproductive termites are the only termites that require eyesight since they must fly to find mates and new nest sites. 7. Termite Soldiers Sound the Alarm Termite soldiers form the worlds tiniest heavy metal mosh pit when danger comes to the nest. To sound the alarm, soldiers bang their heads against the gallery walls to send warning vibrations throughout the colony. 8. Chemical Cues Guide Most Communication in the Termite Colony Termites use pheromones - special chemical scents- to talk to one another and control each others behavior. Termites leave scent trails to guide other workers using special glands on their chests. Each colony produces a distinct scent, identified by a chemical on their cuticles. In some species, the queen can even control the growth and role of her young by feeding them her pheromone-laden poop. 9. New Kings and Queens Can Fly New reproductive termites are winged so they can fly. These young kings and queens, called alates, leave their home colony and fly out in search of a mate, often in large swarms. Each royal pair of king and queen emerges from the swarm together and finds a new place to start a new colony. They break their wings off and settle down in their new home to raise their offspring. 10. Termites Are Well-Groomed You wouldnt think an insect that spends its time in the dirt would be so fastidious about its grooming, but termites make an effort to stay clean. Termites spend a great deal of time grooming each other. Their good hygiene is important to their survival, as it keeps parasites and harmful bacteria under control within the colony.

Women in Art History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women in Art History - Assignment Example The Rococo period began in the 1700’s and it was mostly dominant in France which was setting trends during the time but later spread to the rest of Europe. Art during this period featured curves that were shell shaped, and motifs which were wave-like. It was particularly common in the sumptuous designs of furniture as well as interior designs. During the same period there was growing discomfort in France owing to the monarch’s excesses, imposition of oppressive taxes to the poor and peasant citizens making it really had for many artists to express. The social structure was a major reason for the discomfort due to the injustices presented. Only 0.55% of the population known as the first estate owned 10% of land, paid little or no taxes at all and led luxurious lives. The aristocracy or second estate making just 2% of the population on the other hand took 30% of land, and enjoyed favors from the monarch such as tax exemption while peasants suffered significantly. Peasants by virtue of not belonging to the clergy or aristocracy led very squalid lives bearing taxes which continued to rise at frustrating rates. The luxurious fashion enjoyed by the nobility made the situation get out of control. The ridiculous fashions and styles were taken up by men and women in France reflecting shallowness, fashion became a thing of the wealthy members of society and this was spread all over as France was a trend setter. Kind Louis XV and his wife joined the movement with their extravagant lifestyles.

Logitechs Quality of Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Logitechs Quality of Strategy - Case Study Example Their product line incorporates Internet video cameras, mice and trackballs, keyboards, audio and telephony products, interactive gaming devices and 3D controller. Logitech's founding stones were kept in Apples, Vaud, Switzerland, in 1981 by two Stanford Masters alumni, Daniel Borel and Pierluigi Zappacosta, Logitech revolutionized the computer peripheral industry by introducing the first mouse ever it now leads the computer industry with a wide range of innovative products that ease the PC navigation. Logitech's specialty is creating an interface between humans and the digital domain. But what started out as a niche market is now a major business operating in more than 150 countries worldwide, maintaining an excellent global brand image with huge shelf space and an extended line of products. "Each year, we roll out 100 new products," claimed Sandro Isteri, Director Swiss Operations Logitech International recognizing the leadership of its company. Logitech's success pivots on a number of factors of which the greatest change was the recruitment of Guerrino De Luca, the current President And CEO of Logitech International, in 1997. Guerrino De Luca had the experience that Logitech needed when he became its president and chief executive officer in 1998: he was an engineer who knew marketing. Under his direction, sales of Logitech products exploded, in less then a span of seven years Logitech's Co-founder and current chairman saw its not so very competent company quadrupling profits every year and leading the charts in NASDAQ and Japanese exchange. De Luca's achievements at Logitech accounted for his outstanding leadership and innovative qualities, firm determination and above his luck, "As our luck always worked for us.." remarked De Luca while discussing he thoughts on company's performance at a quarterly meeting. Logitech's business strategy has centered on efficient pricing and innovation and the major change that De Luca brought to the company was a swing from technology-centered operations to Consumer-centered policies. He realized that despite being in the technology business, the focus should be on successfully marketing the product rather eliminating technological barriers. This is the reason why Logitech's products are efficiently designed and aesthetically developed. "People buy our mouse because it glows", said De Luca emphasizing on the need to lure customer with visual quality and design. The Key factor of De Luca's leadership was a revision of market segmentation strategies which resulted in shift from OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) products to high-margin branded commodities for the retail market. This adjustment to the target market worked wonders for Logitech as it was exposed to the mass market segment and by the Fiscal Year 2006 it generated 89% of its revenues from the retail market. In less then two years, at the brink of the Millennium posed huge threats to its closest competitor Microsoft and it now positioned itself as the company providing accessories to users of PC rather than only novel buyers. Logitech's management soon realized that in order to rule the market it was necessary to concentrate on the basic principle of Marketing and to employee the "You" attitude with the customers and actually finding out what they want rather then mere assumptions. For this purpose a more flat

Vitamin D requirement in pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vitamin D requirement in pregnancy - Essay Example The researchers did not stipulate their research question but this can be inferred from the article’s title and the study’s objective. The following is the inferred research questions as developed from these perspectives. Vitamin D supplementation was the study’s treatment. Deficiency of the vitamin in women was first noted and then corrected. Supplementation with 50000 IU and 100000 IU of the vitamin for different groups then followed. Random selection was used to recruit the participants and to assign them into groups, for those who had sufficient levels of the vitamin > 20ng/ml. participants with lower levels were first treated for initial boost before the study’s treatment of 50000 IU or 100000 IU of vitamin D. data was then measured from cord blood. Even though 34 of the participates had, initially, a vitamin D level > 20 ng/ml, all of the women had levels less than 30ng/ml. Fetuses of women from all of the groups recorded significant levels of vitamin D, greater than 20 ng/ml. The study shows that 50000 IU of vitamin D per month, from the forth month of pregnant, is necessary for ensuring a threshold level of vitamin D among neonates. The authors conclude that treatment of less than 50000 IU per month is not sufficient to ensure the threshold of 20 ng/ml of vitamin D in

History Of The Universal Music Group Media Essay

History Of The Universal Music Group Media Essay Universal Music Group is one of Big four companies in the music industry. UMG was founded in 1898, when the National Gramophone Company established the Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft (Universal Music Group | Get In Media). The final name of the company, Universal, was introduced by Carl Laemmle in 1912, it was the year when the film studio came together with the music company. In 1924 the Music Corporation of America (MCA) was founded. The year 1958 was very important for Universal because MCA acquired the Universal Studios property and obtained Paramounts pre-1948 film library for its MCA TV division. The company was incorporated as MCA Inc. and it became a public company in 1959. Universal and MCA Inc. officially merged in 1962 after MCA acquired Decca Records. The main factor for Universal to get interested in concert locations and live entertainment promotions was because in 1972 Universal Amphitheatre had been opened. In 1999 the UM3 was launched, UM3 is a division of Universa l Music International that covers all areas of strategic catalog marketing outside North America. A significant fact for 2001 is that Universal formed exclusive distribution and worldwide licensing agreement with UMG. In 2002 the UMG achieved an industry milestone, and provided customers with more than 75000 download tracks. In 2003 UMG bought the rights on DreamWorks Records and collaborated with eBay to establish Universal Music Store. UMe Digital, an all-digital download label, was formed in 2004 through which UMG achieved a 43,07% market share for week-ending November 14th, the highest in Soundscan history. In 2008, 1 billion video streams have been delivered on YouTube by UMG. In the following year UMG created VEVO and the companies Sony and EMI joined VEVO. In 2011 UMG signed a global agreement for The Voice ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (History | Universal Music). The Universal Music Group is completely owned by the French media corporation Vivendi. In 2010, the UMG had 6967 employees. The turnover of UMG in 2010 cost $5584 million. Universal Music Group operates in 72 countries, including North American headquarters in Santa Monica and New York (Universal Music Group | Get In Media). UMG is involved in different types of media fields such as Film and Music. Every part has with his single productions a specified target group. The music column of UMG includes such a huge range of artists and genres that it is covering all types of target groups. Business customers of the UMG are distributors and companies from the same industry column. UMG sells its products and services in different ways. For instance, the company uses a network of subsidiaries, joint ventures and licensees (Universal Music Group, Inc.: Private Company Information Businessweek). UMG produces musical recordings which represent 70% of the income, and lyrics and musical scores which represent only 20% of the income. The companys products list also consists of the production of master recordings, the manufacture and packaging of CDs and the production of databases to distribute downloads of recordings. It is well-known that Universal Music Group works with different popular artists such as Lady Gaga, Gwen Stefani, Chamillionaire, and The Black Eyed Peas. Music: EMI EMI Music is one of the worlds leading music companies, home to some of the most successful and most popular recording artists. http://cdn.pitchfork.com/news/44611/cacd3a76.png In 1887, Emile Berliner invented his Gramophone method of recording and reproducing sound using discs, a process that would modernize the way music was heard and experienced. The history of EMI starts at The Gramophone Company in London. Founded in 1897, the company took the lead in bringing together the new sound recording machines and musicians. In 1930, the Great Depression struck the recording industry. As a response, The Gramophone Company and the Columbia Graphophone Company agreed to a merger in 1931. The new firm was named Electric and Musical Industries (EMI). EMI also opened the worlds first custom-made recording studio at Abbey Road in London. Around 1950, EMI was the licensee for the major record companies RCA Victor and Columbia Records outside of North and south America. The license agreement between EMI and Columbia ended in 1952, EMI and RCA ended in 1957. EMI had to look for American artists by itself. In 1955 EMI bought Capitol Records, one of the largest US record companies. EMI increased its investment in UK while developing its list of American artists. In the 1960s British pop music exploded. With the success of The Beatles and other EMI artists, the company became the label of first choice for any ambitious British artist. The companys artist list was incredible during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1974, EMI renamed their publishing operation to EMI Music Publishing. The late 1980s and early 1990s were a changing period for EMI. By the start of the 1990s the new CD format accounted for the majority of albums sold by EMI. In 1989 SBK Entertainment World was acquired, making EMI Music Publishing the acknowledged world leader. In 1990, EMI fully owned Chrysalis Records. In 1992, EMI bought the Virgin Music Group, at the time the largest independent music company in the world. In 1997 EMI established the EMI Music Sound Foundation to help support future generations of musicians. EMIs first websites went online in 1993 and 1994, and in 1998 EMI stre amed the first album over the internet. The following year EMI was the first company to publish a digital album download and in 2001 EMI launched the first video clip over the internet. In 2007 EMI became the first major music company to make its music accessible without digital rights management software and at a much higher sound quality than before. In 2011 EMI Music launched OpenEMI to connect directly with the tech developer community around the world. Today EMIs music is available to purchase digitally through hundreds of services around the world. (History | EMI Music) (Press, 1998) The owners of EMI are Universal Music Group and Sony/ATV Music Publishing. EMI has 515 employees in 2012 and is a private sector. (Half of EMI Publishings staff could go if Sony/ATV deal goes through | CMU: Complete Music Update, 2012) EMI provides products such as music, music-recording, music-publishing and music-retailing. The first shop EMI opened was in 1921, called HMV shop on Oxford Street in London. Nowadays, EMI owns 330 HMV music stores and Dillons bookstores. The most significant non-music product was the revolutionary new Computed Tomographic X-ray scanning device in 1972. In the year 1997 the company had 60 labels in 46 countries, including mainstream labels. The company had 17699 employees. The sales in 1997 have been $5.58 billion. Print: Bertelsmann Bertelsmann is an international media corporation and is a private company. They provide information, entertainment and media services, publishing and music. Bertelsmann wants to make a contribution to society and to become the leaders in the media-market. They mostly focus on their creative content and their relationship with their customers. Bertelsmann operates in 63 countries. http://www.arvato-russia.com/images/Bertelsmann_Logo_sRGB_orig.jpg C. Bertelsmann Verlag was founded in 1835, in Gà ¼tersloh Germany by Carl Bertelsmann. It first started as a publishing house and print shop which mainly focused on Christian songs and books. Later on, Carls son Heinrich started to publish novels in 1851. Business was going good for Bertelsmann Verlag and they slowly expanded during the following years. During the second world war, Bertelsmann had become the biggest producer of Nazi propaganda. In that period, they had published books by Nazi authors, for example Will Vesper and Hans Grimm. At the end of the war, publishing was closed for a while because of illegal paper-trading. In 1947, Reinhard Mohn re-founded the company. During the 1950s, the company was expanded with the book-club: Bertelsmann Lesserring. In 1958, they entered the music business with the LP label: Ariola Records. In 1964, they came into the movie market with the purchase of Ulfa Filmproduktionsgesellschaft. In 1973 Bertelsmann got the majority ownership of Gruner und Jahr-publishing, which produced magazines and newspapers. In 1979 Bertelsmann started to expand internationally. In that year they bought the American label: Arista and in the following years they bought Bantam Books, RCA Victor, houseDoubleday and Windham Hill Records. In 1996 Bertelsmann took full control of Windham Hill Records. During this per iod of time, the activities in the music business were bundled into the label BMG. From 1995 to 2000 Bertelsmann had an Internet service provider and started working together with AOL that worked all over Europe. In 1995 the Ufa Film- und Fernseh-GmbH fused with CLT, Luxembourg. The result was RTL Group, the biggest private radio and TV broadcaster in Europe. In 1998 Thomas Middelhoff became CEO of Bertelsmann. He purchased the Random House publishing house and focused on the groups worldwide book publishing operations. In 1999, Bertelsmann introduced bol.com. On October 1, 2008 Bertelsmann sold 50% of Sony BMG to Sony Corporation of America. Sony then renamed its fully owned music business to Sony Music Entertainment. These two withdrawals meant the end of the Bertelsmann Music Group department and the belongings that Bertelsmann wanted to keep from these sell-offs, will be the beginning of a upcoming BMG department, BMG Rights Management, which will concentrate on building, managi ng and marketing artist rights. (History Bertelsmann SE Co. KGaA) (Bertelsmann : definition of Bertelsmann and synonym of Bertelsmann (English)) On August 20, 2012, Bertelsmann changed its legal form from Bertelsmann AG to Bertelsmann SE Co. KGaA, a partnership limited by shares (KGaA). KGaA is a proven legal form for businesses owned by families or foundations that are widely used in Germany. Bertelsmann is for 77.4% owned by the Bertelsmann Foundation, a non-profit organization started by the Mohn family. The Mohn family holds the remaining 22.6% of the company. Bertelsmann has over 100.000 employees. Radio and Television: BBChttp://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb58377/bbc-sherlock/images/e/e4/BBC.jpg The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster and is the largest broadcaster in the world with around 23.000 employees and an income of  £5.086 billion in 2012. In 1922, BBC Ltd. was created by John Reith who became the first General Manager. From the first daily transmission from 2LO, first regular news bulletin, first outside broadcast, first daily weather forecast to the first edition of the Radio Times published, BBC managed to keep its worldwide fame and to develop. The most important period for BBC is the digital decade due to the fact that they had the opportunity to expand the company and to attract more customers. The BBC is a public service broadcaster that functions under a Royal Charter, a Licence and Agreement from the Home Secretary. The company has a large variety of products and services which come up to costumers expectations. For example, the BBC provides several television channels in the UK including two main channels (BBC One and BBC Two), some secondary channels (BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News, BBC Parliament) and two childrens channels (CBBC and CBeebies). Another valuable product offered by BBC is the Radio. Nowadays, the company holds ten national radio stations, six stations providing the BBC Regions and many others which cover the local regions in England. As a matter of fact five of the ten national stations are major labels and can be found on FM, DAB and online. They offer a large variety of musical genres such as new music and popular styles, country and soul music or classical and jazz music. The BBC Radio 5 Live is available 24 hours a day and provides people with news, sport and talk programs. BBC has the most important news channels in the entire world such as BBC News, BBC Parliament and BBC World News. BBC promotes the brand name of BBC Red Button which is an interactive digital television service. This service can be accessed from any BBC channel and it has different kinds of characteristics as full-color graphics, photographs and video. The company operates in many countries and regions. BBC has an US general entertainment channel which is co-owned with Discovery Networks, a Canadian general entertainment channel and a Canadian childrens programming channel which is co-owned with Shaw Media and a general entertainment channel available in Asia, Europe/Middle East, India, Latin America, Nordic, Poland and South Africa. The BBC Lifestyle channel can be seen in Poland, Scandinavia, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Africa and BBC Knowledge is available in Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Hong Kong, Indonesia, New Zealand, Poland, Scandinavia, Singapore and South Africa. Apart from this, the BBC Company created several news channels in different languages such as Persian, Dari and Tajik. Naturally, some radio stations from BBC can be found in USA, Canada, Scotland and England. BBC operates worldwide and it has a great influence in the world of Radio and Television. BBC sells its products in the entire world through their own organization which is called BBC Worldwide. BBC provides products for both business customers and private customers. Many companies from different countries buy products from BBC. BBC Worldwide Consumer Products distributes the BBCs products through DVD, Blu-Ray and DTO. The private customers consists of children, teenagers and adults. New Media: Twitterhttps://si0.twimg.com/a/1350072692/images/resources/twitter-bird-callout.png Twitter is a real-time information network that connects you to the latest stories, ideas, opinions and news about what you find interesting. Twitter is a social network and in the internet industry. (About Twitter) Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Evan Williams, and Biz Stone and launched on 15 July 2006. In March 2008, Twitter registered 1.3 million users. In September 2011, Twitter counted 200 million users, of which were 100 million active users who log in once a month, and 50 million active users who log in every day. In April 2010, The companys first advertising platform is introduced, also called Promoted Tweets. The first promoted Tweet was by Advertising Age. In June 2010, Promoted Trends is launched. In October 2010, Promoted Accounts went live, and is based on Suggestions for You. (Buck, 2011) The founders of Twitter are also the owners. Twitter counts 900+ employees in 2012. Twitter is a private company and operates worldwide. Twitter is available on computers, tablets, and on mobile devices. Twitter connects businesses to customers in real time-and businesses use Twitter to quickly share information with people interested in their products and services, gather real-time market intelligence and feedback, and build relationships with customers, partners and influencers. (About Twitter) Film: 20th Century Fox It all started in 1915, FOX Film Corporation was formed by the theater chain developer William G Fox, as a combination of his two companies Greater New York Film Rental and Fox Office Attractions company. De Luxe formed the film and camera department for the studios. Thomas Dixon moved to Los Angeles to setup Dixon Studios, Laboratory and Press. In 1917 FOX sent a representative to Hollywood with the idea to start business at the West coast. The development started at the Dixon studios, which is situated in East Hollywood at Sunset and Western, it was Foxs base for the time between 1917 to 1924. In 1925, Fox bought the rights to the movie tone sound system, which became Fox Movie tone. With the luck and success of Jazz in 1927 William Fox hurried construction of state-of-the-art soundstages. In 1929 through the market crash Fox film, with more than 500 theaters, got into bankruptcy (Century City Chamber of Commerce | History of Century City).http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR UtQP24ID5fwEoYfehkSPcsUcE46tnoWJe_nw7peFEcTaw3iOGBAhnBZsY In the year 1935, the companies Greater New York Film rental and FOX office attractions Co. merged with the 20th century pictures and established the company 20th century FOX (20th Century Fox | ÃÅ"ber Fox). The company is established on 31 May 1935. Since then, the 20th century Fox produced and conferred Films in North America. Noticeable is also the 20th Century Fox Logo which was created in 1935. The fact that the logo is created in the same year as the company established, shows that the company identifies itself with its history (Century City Chamber of Commerce | History of Century City). In February 1953, Fox bought the right of a new projection system called CinemaScope, the company announced that all Fox pictures would be made in this process. The project included also a new CinemaScope anamorphic lens which was added to the front of the projector at the same time wider screens had to be installed, that year shows that the company was always keen to invest and trust new technology (Home | 20th Century Fox Studios). In 1956 Mr Zanuck F. announced his resignation as head of production. In 1961 the management changed, Darryl F. Zanuck was appointed as chairman and his son Richard Zanuck took on the role of president. At that time a series of cheap but popular movies were made, they brought Fox back to the position being a major player. The year 1965 was surprising for 20th century Fox. The Sound of Music, which increased the studios fortunes, rescued the company and became an all-time greatest box-office hit. In 1971 Mr Zanuck left the position as a chairman and a few bad years followed resulting in some losses. The new president in 1972 was Dennis Stanfill, he came together with Alan Ladd Jr. and they got Fox back on track. The year 1977 was the year of Star Wars, one of the most popular movies of Fox. In 1978 the control of the company passed to investors Marc Rich and Marvin Davis. The company grew and expended very fast, in the 1980s Mr Rupert Murdoch integrated the company to the News Corpora tion which gave the company a huge financial support and opened new doors worldwide. The company started to concentrate on three main points; the home entertainment, cinema, and the TV industry. These three points together are the FOX Film Entertainment Group. Since 2006 the company is the worldwide video distributor for the MGM/UA library. 20th Century Pictures is an independent Hollywood film production company established by Joseph Schenck in the year 1933. The company is still based in Los Angeles and has these days two other bigger main branches, Sydney Australia and Baja Mexico (Century City Chamber of Commerce | History of Century City). 20th century FOX is one of the big 6 Film production companies on our planet, the company it has establishments in more than 80 countries. Since 1985 the company is a subsidiaries of the News Corporation, Rupert Murdoch is the head and owner of 20th Century Fox. The produced Films, TV-shows and Music are making the company distinctive. To give a quick survey of how much 20th Century Fox has only gained by North American box offices the following application is added. (Statistics on 20th century fox | Statista) Chapter 2: Macro Environment Chapter 3: New Product/Service Chapter 4: Company Visitshttp://www.kpn.com/v2/upload/8eb06cd9-527d-433d-ad53-4f62e84844c0_image88.jpg FARC chose Spotify as a new product, which is described in chapter 3. FARC chose two companies to visit, which are called KPN and Hi!, because Hi! is a part of KPN and they are both involved with Spotify in the same way. KPN is the top telecommunications and IT service provider in The Netherlands, offering wire line and wireless telephony, internet and TV to customers. KPN operates in the ICT and Telecom sector. The history of KPN starts in 1852, when the government constructed telegraph lines which it intended to operate itself. The first independent company was established in 1893: the Post and Telegraph Administration (PT). In 1915, the Post and Telegraph Administration became a state-owned company. This meant that the government and parliament could have greater insight into the financial situation of what was still popularly called PT. The first world war caused cutback measures for PT and in response the government changed the name to The Netherlands Postal and Telecommunications Services (PTT). At the beginning of 1941, the German occupying forced granted the PTT co rporate rights, but in practice there was no question of freedom. Because of the war, the PTT came to a standstill. There wasnt enough personnel available to keep the service running. In 1955, the PTT became a state-controlled company again. On 1 January 1989, PTT became Koninklijke PTT Nederland (KPN). With the emergence of Internet and e-mail in 1998, the PTT Post and PTT Telecom started to drift apart and split up in the same year. PTT Telecom became KPN. KPN won the International GTB (Global Telecoms Business) Innovation Award in September 2007 for the innovative strength of its new fiber-optic network. Nowadays, everything is oriented to improving quality, service and technique, so as to become the best service provider and to strengthen the companys market position in the Netherlands. (History KPN)http://www.kpn.com/v2/upload/20b9646e-7f9b-4e47-8810-bb3d1d568a05_kpn-rest.jpg KPN counted 31.084 employees in the Netherlands in December 2011. KPN is a big company because it operates internationally with different brands (Kernfeiten KPN). Under Section 6, Part 4 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, the procedures for large companies are obligatory for KPN. As such, KPN has a two-tier management structure with a Board of Management and a Supervisory Board. KPN was privatized in 1989. (Juridische structuur KPN) KPN offers an All-in-one Standard bundle, which provides fast internet, telephone and television, and free Spotify Premium. KPN also has a telephone subscription service where they offer Spotify Premium with 500MB for à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10,00 extra a month, and the first three months are free. KPN produces the products and services: landline, mobile telephony, internet, and digital television. Spotify is an additional service to the existing supplies mobile telephony and the internet. It is not yet known how long the Spotify deal will be provided or if the Spotify deal will be offered in the future. Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions